List of rulers of Hungary

This is a List of rulers of Hungary, which includes the grand princes (895–1000), the kings (1000–1918), and regent Miklós Horthy (1920–1944).

For a list of presidents until present day, see List of heads of state of Hungary.

Contents

Rulers of Hungary

See also: King of Hungary

895–1301

Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
High Prince Álmos c. 858 c. 895 The first known Hungarian leader, and father of Árpád. He strengthened the alliance between the other six Magyar tribal leaders.
Árpád c. 895 c. 907 Led the Magyars into Central Europe around 896.[1] According to the dual system of rulership (similar to the Khazars), he was the actual leader with Kurszán as sacral prince.
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
The rulers of the first half of the 10th century are often disputed, as the Hungarian nation consisted of several tribes led by various leaders. The most frequently proposed are:
Szabolcs c. 907  ?
Tarhos c. 907 c. 922
Zoltán c. 907 c.947 Also known as Zaltas. The youngest (fifth) son of Árpád, and Third Grand Prince of the Hungarians(Magyars).
Fajsz c. 947 c. 955 Also known as Fali or Falicsi. Son of Jutocsa (Jutas) the third son of Árpád.
Taksony c. 955 c. 972 Son of Zoltán (Zaltas)  
Géza c. 972 997 Son of Taksony  
Stephen I
(Szent István)		 997 1000 Son of Géza. Last Grand Prince.
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Stephen I 1000 15 August 1038 Son of Géza. Proclaimed the first King of Hungary.
Dynastic struggle 1038–1046
Peter Orseolo 15 August 1038 1041 Also known as Peter I the Venetian. Grandson of Géza. Dethroned.
Samuel Aba 1041 5 July 1044 Leader of the Kabar tribe. Married Géza's daughter Gizella.
Peter Orseolo 1044 1046 Reinstated, but dethroned again.
Vatha pagan rising 1046–1047
Andrew I 1047 1061 Árpád dynasty restored
Béla I 1061 August 1063 brother of Andrew I
Solomon August 1063 28 October 1074 son of Andrew I
Géza I 28 October 1074 25 April 1077 son of Béla I
St. Ladislaus 25 April 1077 29 July 1095 son of Béla I
Coloman 29 July 1095 3 February 1116 son of Géza I.
Stephen II 3 February 1116 3 April 1131 Son of Kálmán
Béla II the Blind 3 April 1131 13 February 1141 grandson of Géza I, son of Álmos, Kálmán's younger brother
Géza II 13 February 1141 31 May 1162 son of Béla II
Stephen III 31 May 1162 4 March 1172 son of Géza II
Ladislaus II 31 May 1162 14 January 1163 rebel anti-king, younger brother of Géza II.
Stephen IV 14 January 1163 June 1163 rebel anti-king, younger brother of Géza II.
Béla III 4 March 1172 13 April 1196 younger brother of Stephen III.
Emeric 13 April 1196 30 November 1204 son of Béla III.
Ladislaus III 30 November 1204 7 May 1205 son of Imre, crowned and died as a child
Andrew II 7 May 1205 21 September 1235 brother of Imre
Béla IV 21 September 1235 3 May 1270 son of Andrew II, the "second founder" after the First Mongol invasion (1241–42)
Stephen V 3 May 1270 6 August 1272 son of Béla IV.
Ladislaus IV the Cuman 6 August 1272 10 July 1290 son of Steven V.; unsuccessful Mongol invasion; lived with the nomad Cuman tribes
Andrew III 4 August 1290 14 January 1301 grandson of Andrew II, born in Venice; last of the Árpád dynasty

1301–1541

Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Wenceslaus of Bohemia 1301 1305 King of Bohemia, elected as King of Hungary but not universally recognized
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Otto of Bavaria (Béla V) 6 December 1305 1308 Duke of Lower Bavaria as Otto III, was not universally recognized
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Charles I (I. Károly) 20 August 1310 16 July 1342 established the Angevin dynasty in Hungary.
Louis I the Great (Nagy Lajos) 16 July 1342 11 September 1382 also became King of Poland (1370)
Mary I (I. Mária) 11 September 1382 17 May 1395 married Sigismund of Luxemburg
Charles II the Small (Kis Károly) 31 December 1385 24 February 1386 also King of Naples, in opposition to Mary
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Sigismund I (Zsigmond) 31 March 1387 9 December 1437 later also Roman-German King (since 1410), King of Bohemia (since 1419), Holy Roman Emperor (since 1433)
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Albert I 1 January 1438 27 October 1439 son-in-law of Sigismund, also Roman-German King, King of Bohemia, Duke of Austria
Kingship disputed between Vladislaus I and Ladislaus Posthumus
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Vladislaus I 15 May 1440 10 November 1444 also King of Poland
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Ladislaus V the Posthumus 15 May 1440 23 November 1457 born in 1440 after his father's death, spent most of his life in captivity.
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
John Hunyadi (Hunyadi János) 1446 1453 ruled as regent. Fought with great success against the Ottomans
Matthias I Corvinus (Corvin Mátyás or Hunyadi Mátyás) 24 January 1458 6 April 1490 son of John Hunyadi, also King of Bohemia
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Vladislaus II 15 July 1490 13 May 1516 also King of Bohemia
Louis II 13 May 1516 29 August 1526 also King of Bohemia; killed in the Battle of Mohács
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Kingship disputed between Ferdinand of Austria and John Zápolya during the Ottoman invasion
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (Ferdinánd) 16 December 1526 25 July 1564 claimed the throne according to the agreement between the House of Jagiellon and the House of Habsburg

1541–1780

Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
John I (Szapolyai János) 10 November 1526 22 July 1540 Also claimed the throne, with support of Hungarian nobles and later Suleiman the Magnificent.
John II (Szapolyai János Zsigmond) 22 July 1540 16 August 1570 son of John Zápolya; renounced his claim in 1570 in favour of Emperor Maximilian II.
Hungary was effectively split into three parts: Royal Hungary in the north and west, Ottoman Hungary in the south, and the Principality of Transylvania in the east. The following, until 1699, gives the rulers of "Royal Hungary".
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Maximilian (I. Miksa) 8 September 1563 12 October 1576  
Rudolf I 25 September 1572 26 June 1608  
Matthias II (II. Mátyás) 26 June 1608 20 March 1619  
Ferdinand II 1 July 1618 15 February 1637  
Ferdinand III 8 December 1625 2 April 1657  
Ferdinand IV 16 June 1647 9 July 1654 He died in 1654, predeceasing his father.  
Leopold I (I. Lipót) 27 June 1655 5 May 1705 Habsburgs began colonization of Serbs (1690) and Germans (1682–1699) in Southern Hungary.
Hungary reunited under Habsburg rule after the Great Turkish War in 1699.
Joseph I (I. József) 9 December 1687 17 April 1711  
Charles III (III. Károly) 11 April 1711 20 October 1740 Large scale German settlements in Hungary begin (1720–1800).
Maria II Theresa (II. Mária Terézia) 20 October 1740 29 November 1780 Enjoyed broad support of Hungarian nobles;

1780–1944

Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Joseph II
(II. József)		 29 November 1780 20 February 1790  
Leopold II
(II. Lipót)		 20 February 1790 1 March 1792  
Francis
(I. Ferenc)		 1 March 1792 2 March 1835  
Ferdinand V
(V. Ferdinánd)		 28 September 1830 2 December 1848 Being epileptic and mentally ill, abdicated in favour of his nephew, Franz Joseph (son of his younger brother Franz Karl). Died in 1875.
Francis Joseph
(I. Ferenc József)		 2 December 1848 21 November 1916 Later regained the rule with Russian help in 1849 and was crowned in 1867.
Charles IV
(IV. Károly)		 21 November 1916 16 November 1918 Reigned until 1918, when he "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. He spent the remaining years of his life attempting to restore the monarchy until his death in 1922.
Portrait Ruler Began Ended Remarks
Miklós Horthy 1 March 1920 3 November 1944 Navy admiral Horthy officially 'represented' the defunct Hungarian monarchy despite Charles I of Austria's attempts to retake the throne of Hungary. The state was effectively a "kingdom without a king". Dethronization of Habsburgs enacted by Hungarian Parliament in 1921.

Titular Kings of Hungary

Portrait Titular ruler Began Ended Remarks
Charles IV
(IV. Károly)		 16 November 1918 1 April 1922 He reigned until 1918, when he "renounced participation" in state affairs but did not abdicate. He spent the remaining years of his life attempting to restore the monarchy until his death in 1922.
Otto II
(II. Ottó)		 1 April 1922 4 July 2011 On 31 May 1961, Otto renounced all claims to the Austrian throne. However, he did not renounce all claims to the Hungarian and Bohemian throne, and the Communists did not request this.
Charles V
(V. Károly)		 4 July 2011 Incumbent He serves as Head of House of Habsburg since January 2007.

Timeline


References

[2]
[3][4][5][6]

  1. ^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/35973/Arpad-dynasty
  2. ^ Allan Ellenius, Wim Blockmans, European Science Foundation; The Origins of the Modern State in Europe: 13th to 18th Centuries, Oxford University Press, 1998
  3. ^ Bálint Hóman, Gyula Szekfű, Gyula Szekfu; Magyar történet; Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1938
  4. ^ Štefan Holčík; Korunovačné slávnosti, Bratislava 1563–1830, Tatran, 1986
  5. ^ Jenő Vértesy; Kölcsey Ferencz, Nyomatott a Magyar királyi Egyetemi könyvnyomdában, 1885
  6. ^ Slovenská akadémia vied; Historický časopis, Vydatelʹstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1985

External links

See also

Hungary portal
Austria-Hungary portal